Biological Control Of Mosquitoes Pdf //TOP\\ Download

22/11/202222/11/2022 ualfab

Biological Control Of Mosquitoes Pdf //TOP\\ Download

Download ⚙⚙⚙ DOWNLOAD

Biological Control Of Mosquitoes Pdf Download

the community level approaches to mosquito larval control have been shown to be effective, economical and practical [ 1, 2 ]. the positive impacts of the interventions include: reduction in mosquito larval densities, reduced malaria prevalence rates and increased use of mosquito nets. though these potential positive impacts have been reported by many countries to control malaria vector populations [ 32, 33 ], the best community-based approach to larval control is yet to be determined. the evidence is limited as most studies have been carried out by the who-led global larval control trials (glt) programme in latin america, asia, africa and oceania [ 34 ]. community-based larviciding and other biological interventions have been part of the national malaria elimination programme in several countries in africa including the malawi, rwanda, senegal, tanzania and uganda. the larviciding interventions were mostly targeted at the larval habitats of only a single malaria vector (e.g. an. gambiae in senegal, an. gambiae and an. funestus in malawi and an. gambiae in tanzania). additionally, no study has examined the cost-benefit analysis of a community-based larviciding programme using bti in the management of malaria in rwanda. this study determined the acceptability and utility of bti-based larval control programme and identified the feasibility of community-based intervention for controlling the mosquito larvae in rwanda.

introduction of utricularia as a biological control agent in a new ecosystem represents a significant shift in the use of an organism for control [ 25 ]. in this study, biological control was successfully achieved in the new ecosystem, as it was shown that utricularia and other abundant aquatic insects were available to control the mosquito larvae. the current study showed that utricularia can be effectively used as a biological control agent in the new ecosystem, with the decrease in the number of larvae of a. pseudopunctatus observed during the study. this suggested that utricularia could be used as a biological control agent of container-breeding mosquitoes in the new ecosystem.

we found u. macrorhiza to be capable of preying on first- through third-instar ae. aegypti larvae. these results are in line with previously published work [ 80 ], which suggested that u. macrorhiza can predate mosquitoes at three stages of development. these results were consistent when repeated at smaller water volumes. in comparison to the predation experiments at larger volumes, the survival of larvae exposed to a single bladder on small cuttings of u. macrorhiza is at first glance reduced. however, the bladder to larva ratio in the latter experiment was 1:1, whereas the previous experiments had a ratio of 10:1. while control of larvae at such small water volumes is impractical, these results demonstrate that small water volume is not on its own a limiting factor in the application of u. macrorhiza.
most of the previous interventions in lsm employed vertical management with only a few using a community-based approach [ 20, 21 ]. to date, no study has been undertaken to examine the effectiveness of lsm through larviciding with bti on malaria control in rwanda. in the framework of a community-based malaria elimination project implemented in 2012 [ 22 ], a comparative community-based lsm intervention using bti was conducted in ruhuha, rwanda, in 2015. recognizing that working with communities, not only as groups directly affected by malaria but also as critical partners for creating and maintaining larval habitats, would lead to a more effective programme [ 23 ], the intervention deployed a community-based approach with in-built baseline and endline socio-economic study for outcome evaluation. the current paper describes baseline and endline community awareness and acceptance of the lsm intervention using bti. secondly, the paper highlights challenges faced during the implementation and formulates recommendations for future community-based larviciding activities on a larger scale. a companion paper (hakizimana et al.) will separately describe the entomological impact of this community-based biological control programme.
5ec8ef588b